Neural Control of Walking in People with Parkinsonism
We adhere to a use of the term akinesia restricted to dysfunctions of movement initiation, ranging from delayed response to freezing or even total abolition of movement < https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/akinesia
Akinesia is just one side of the coin. Basal ganglia, selection control etc. By an actual patient
Was I Born a Parky? Or Did I Become One?
< Results reveal, however, that various abnormalities within but also outside the motor and dopaminergic pathways might be associated with akinesia in PD patients. Notably, numerous yet poorly reproducible neural correlates were found in different brain regions supporting executive control by means of resting-state or task-based studies.
> We adhere to a use of the term akinesia restricted to dysfunctions of movement initiation, ranging from delayed response to freezing or even total abolition of movement. We also call for targeting more specific neural mechanisms of movement preparation and action triggering with more sophisticated behavioral designs/event-related neurofunctional analyses.
Symptom and syndrome are two terms commonly used in medical contexts to describe different aspects of a patient’s condition. A symptom refers to a specific indication or manifestation of an underlying disease or disorder that is experienced by the patient. It is often subjective and can vary from person to person. On the other hand, a syndrome is a collection of symptoms that occur together and are characteristic of a particular medical condition. It is a more comprehensive term that encompasses multiple symptoms and provides a broader understanding of the overall clinical picture. While symptoms help identify the presence of a problem, syndromes aid in diagnosing and categorizing specific diseases or disorders.
< https://thisvsthat.io/symptom-vs-syndrome
Disease vs. Disorder: What Is the Difference?
Accumulating evidence suggests that nicotine, a drug that stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, may be of therapeutic value in Parkinson’s disease. Beneficial effects may be several-fold. One of these is a protective action against nigrostriatal damage. This possibility stems from the results of epidemiological studies that consistently demonstrate an inverse correlation between tobacco use and Parkinson’s disease. <
https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mds.2190
Twins: By Mikael Häggström.When using this image in external works, it may be cited as:Häggström, Mikael (2014). “Medical gallery of Mikael Häggström 2014”. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.008. ISSN 2002-4436. Public Domain.orBy Mikael Häggström, used with permission. – Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33081803
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Risk factors for seborrhoeic dermatitis include poor immune function, Parkinson’s disease, and alcoholic pancreatitis < wiki seborrhoeic dermatitis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkel_exercises
Purkinjje cells
Goal vs habitual action:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20944662/
Abstract
Progressive loss of the ascending dopaminergic projection in the basal ganglia is a fundamental pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease. Studies in animals and humans have identified spatially segregated functional territories in the basal ganglia for the control of goal-directed and habitual actions. In patients with Parkinson’s disease the loss of dopamine is predominantly in the posterior putamen, a region of the basal ganglia associated with the control of habitual behaviour. These patients may therefore be forced into a progressive reliance on the goal-directed mode of action control that is mediated by comparatively preserved processing in the rostromedial striatum. Thus, many of their behavioural difficulties may reflect a loss of normal automatic control owing to distorting output signals from habitual control circuits, which impede the expression of goal-directed action.