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The Braak hypothesis, plus other ruminations on PD and prions
Furthermore, while abnormal aggregation of αsyn is the dominant pathological hallmark of synucleinopathies, the nature of αsyn aggregation is distinct between different disorders. For example, PD, Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by αsyn deposits in neuronal Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, whereas multiple system atrophy (MSA) is defined by abnormal filamentous deposition of αsyn in the nuclei and cytoplasm of both oligodendrocytes and neurons [70-72]. If prion-like αsyn seeding plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease then how and why αsyn behaves differently in different diseases must be addressed (see below).
A final challenge to the prion-like propagation of αsyn pathology accounting for PD is the observation that Lewy pathology is not necessary for nigral degeneration and the clinical presence of parkinsonism. While pathological studies on genetic forms of PD are limited, it is clear that at least some of these patients do not show classic Lewy pathology
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3776210/
Thus, it is vital that further in vitro and in vivo studies are performed to validate the potential involvement of αsyn as a prion-like factor and tease out the mechanisms by which αsyn may be responsible for disease progression in the human condition. However, in view of the unresolved challenges highlighted in this review, caution should be taken in uncritically accepting a role for a prion-like process, particularly in all cases of PD. Indeed, the mechanisms contributing to the progression of the disease may be as variable as the disease itself?
Holy Tango
Holy Tango of Poetry: Volume 3
Sorry, folks, I gotta say this: National Jihad sounds like it might be too easily converted into NAJI, on the model of National Socialism becoming NAZI.
Europe makes better TV at at least half the cost. Just like their medical systems.
Whistleblower en fr et en persane
افشاگ
All memory is false in the sense that it do is made up
I’ll miss Justin Trudeau, the last of the nominally progressive liberals.
اکسیژن اوکسیجن
Working class = salaried person
Big tenter
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DC4ebxlPLRL/?igsh=MWQ1ZGUxMzBkMA==
The sounds of inhaling through my slightly dry nasal membranes
sounds like the hooting of some nocturnal bird
The paranoid style of US culture
Don t pick on old folks
Don t pick on old folks, I feel impelled to say now that i’m one myself, having suddenly and strangely become so, it seems.
Scheudenfreudee vs Shadenfreude
Ttoo young to have had polio, he nonetheless looks like many of its few survivors. I m soeaking here as one of those of my gebneration still standing, though increasingly less and less steadily.
Je balbutie
Taqibaan khejelaati.
Kathy Blue
O Panj O پنج :
Thou beauteous number:
an inverted heart
symmetrical plumpness
In the cleft of which lie
the bulbous lopes
of a periwinkle
About Prion Diseases
NIAID also is exploring similarities between prion diseases and other protein misfolding diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, Lewy body dementia, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.