Parkinson’s – Books – NCBI
Parkinson’s – Books – NCBI Wonderful index linking to many topics:
Levodopa (L-Dopa) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
> To increase the bioavailability of levodopa and decrease its side effects, it is often administeredd in combination with peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors (such as carbidopa and benserazide). Dopamine decarboxylase inhibitors prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, allowing for more levodopa to cross the BBB.
Postural instability > https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560906/
> The specific etiology of postural instability is difficult to identify because it is a heterogeneous disorder, and there is much ground left to uncover regarding knowledge of the pathogenesis of the disease.[1] > This supports that the pathology is non-dopaminergic. As the basal ganglia are perturbed in Parkinson disease
> routine measurement of 25-OH vitamin D3 levels may be helpful and should be completed in all patients newly diagnosed with Parkinson disease
> A narrow-based or festinating (hurrying) pattern of the walk would suggest a Parkinsonian gait, in which MRI of the brain could be useful.[1]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770017/
< Because of this, it has been determined that lesions in non-dopaminergic systems possibly contribute to postural instability in Parkinson disease ….
< Posturalx instability is associated with poor prognosis. Frequent falling is correlated to postural instability and can result in broken bones and hospitalization. Dopaminergic treatment has not been shown to be effective. In patients with mild-moderate Parkinson disease, postural instability and gait difficulty is an important determinant of quality of life. It is a major contributor to disability in patients in Parkinson disease.[2][23
The theory of hypodopaminergic pathology has been extended to a multisystem neurodegeneration, cortical amyloid deposition [31], differential disruption of the corpus callosal fibers [38], and periventricular white matter hyperintensities [39] to name a few.
Nancy’s youtube: https://m.youtube.com/watchv=fbzCaEHyRiY&feature=youtu.be
Using functional MRI, music neuroscientists have established that actively listening to rhythm activates the supplementary motor area of the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia in the deep brain, both of which are important for generating voluntary movements <